{"id":27771,"date":"2023-03-09T13:21:21","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T12:21:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/research\/detriti-spaziali-e-satelliti\/"},"modified":"2023-03-09T13:44:27","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T12:44:27","slug":"space-debris-and-satellites","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/en\/research\/space-debris-and-satellites\/","title":{"rendered":"Space Debris and satellites"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"editoriale-block_fd7a1e03ba3a6a5529d04969ba3bc1bd\" class=\"editoriale is-inner-padding-block break-article-column z-1 has-white-background-color border-top-1 border-bottom-1  back-icons icons-is-blue\">\n    <div class=\"galhassin-general-container mx-auto px-3 px-md-0 d-flex flex-wrap justify-content-between on-icons no-parallax\" >\n                    <div class=\"col-sx c-md-pt-12 c-md-pb-12 pt-5 pb-5 z-1\">\n                <div class=\"affix-top\">\n                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1252\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/orbital_debris.jpg\" class=\"mt-md-5 mb-md-5 c-mb-3 c-mt-3 d-table\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/orbital_debris.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/orbital_debris-768x785.jpg 768w, https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/orbital_debris-600x614.jpg 600w, https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/orbital_debris-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1252px) 100vw, 1252px\" \/>    <ul class=\"noList pl-0 mt-md-5 ml-0 is-col-download pr-0 mb-md-5 mb-4\">\n        <p class=\"caption semiBold g-txt\">\n            Risorse        <\/p>\n                    <li class=\"download-list border-top-1 mt-3 pt-3\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/oneweb.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"has-dark-blue-color noLink d-flex flex-wrap align-items-start mb-2 download-item no-anim \">\n                    <svg role=\"img\" class=\"icon icon-sm mr-2 has-dark-blue-fill\">\n                        <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/themes\/galhassin\/assets\/bootstrap-italia\/svg\/sprite.svg#it-link\"><\/use>\n                    <\/svg>\n                    <p class=\"g-txt caption g-txt\">\n                        OneWeb                    <\/p>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n                    <li class=\"download-list border-top-1 mt-3 pt-3\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/Space_Safety\/Space_Debris\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"has-dark-blue-color noLink d-flex flex-wrap align-items-start mb-2 download-item no-anim \">\n                    <svg role=\"img\" class=\"icon icon-sm mr-2 has-dark-blue-fill\">\n                        <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/themes\/galhassin\/assets\/bootstrap-italia\/svg\/sprite.svg#it-link\"><\/use>\n                    <\/svg>\n                    <p class=\"g-txt caption g-txt\">\n                        Space Debris ESA                     <\/p>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n                    <li class=\"download-list border-top-1 mt-3 pt-3\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/news\/orbital_debris.html\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"has-dark-blue-color noLink d-flex flex-wrap align-items-start mb-2 download-item no-anim \">\n                    <svg role=\"img\" class=\"icon icon-sm mr-2 has-dark-blue-fill\">\n                        <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/themes\/galhassin\/assets\/bootstrap-italia\/svg\/sprite.svg#it-link\"><\/use>\n                    <\/svg>\n                    <p class=\"g-txt caption g-txt\">\n                        Space Debris NASA                     <\/p>\n                <\/a>\n            <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <div class=\"col-dx mr-0 ml-auto c-md-pt-12 c-md-pb-12 pt-5 pb-5 z-1\">\n            <h4 class=\"mt-4 mb-3 mb-md-4 is-col-title g-txt\">Observation and characterisation of space debris<\/h4><p class=\"mt-4 is-col-text g-txt\">\n    Between July and December 2022, GAL Hassin conducted observations of artificial space objects to monitor the &#8216;traffic&#8217; of artificial satellites and space debris crowding the space around Earth.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nThis type of observation has become essential to avoid collisions and damage to operational satellites and, in particular, to ensure the survival of human beings on planet Earth and aboard the International Space Station (ISS).<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nIn particular, 11 artificial objects with different sizes (up to 10 cm) and orbital heights distributed between low (LEO) and medium (MEO) Earth orbit were selected.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nOf these objects, the change in brightness over time due to the rotation of certain rocket pieces was measured, obtaining the light curves. From this measure, the rotation period and an estimate of the geometry of rotation around their axes.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nThe collection of this type of data will be useful for an active removal of these old and long-abandoned objects in space, which is already planned by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the American Space Agency (NASA) which have been called Active Debris Removal missions.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nThen, the different &#8216;colour&#8217; that some satellites and debris show depending on their rotation was measured. From this colour measurement and the different reflection of sunlight on them, an estimate of the material of which the satellite (or debris) is composed was obtained.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nFinally, the measurement of the position in space and time (astrometry) of space debris returning to Earth is used to accurately predict the falling orbit.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nIn this way, it is possible to estimate the areas on Earth at greatest risk of impact with these bodies, an event that has become rather frequent in recent years given the large amount of junk present and now out of control.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nImage: Credis and copyright: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers\/wstf\/site_tour\/remote_hypervelocity_test_laboratory\/micrometeoroid_and_orbital_debris.html\">NASA &#8211; Micrometeoroids and Orbital Debris (MMOD)\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"mt-4 mb-3 mb-md-4 is-col-title g-txt\">OneWeb Satellite Constellations<\/h4><p class=\"mt-4 is-col-text g-txt\">\n    The GAL Hassin Foundation was commissioned by the OneWeb Company to carry out the observation and measurement of the brightness of the OneWeb constellation satellites for a period of approximately one year (2021) and under different angles of incidence of sunlight.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nAt present, at European level, GAL Hassin is the only institute to have carried out photometric work on low-altitude satellites. It is expected that the OneWeb &#8211; GAL Hassin collaboration will continue with the observation of the second generation of satellites to verify whether technical modifications on these satellites have led to a reduction in the brilliance of their surfaces.<br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nThe publication of this work between GAL Hassin, Politecnico di Milano and OneWeb in 2022 is a kind of milestone for the aerospace-satellite sector, as it represents the first example of synergy between astrophysics, engineering, the environment and private enterprise.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What is Responsible Space\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TC_FMrIyWh8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Viene resa pubblica la collaborazione OneWeb &#8211; Fondazione GAL Hassin per un lavoro fotometrico su satelliti a bassa quota della prima generazione di satelliti OneWeb. Crediti: OneWeb. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"citazione-block_e7c1cc15f380a5a4a370b543af1ee2d6\" class=\"citazione is-padding-block position-relative break-article-column z-2 pt-5 pb-5 px-3 px-md-0 has-extra-light-blue-background-color\">\n    <div class=\"gal-allegati-container mx-auto no-parallax\" >\n        <svg role=\"img\" class=\"icon icon-quote primary-icon ml-1\">\n            <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/themes\/galhassin\/assets\/icons\/sprite.svg#gal-ico-quote-up\"><\/use>\n        <\/svg>\n            <h5 class=\"txt-cit g-txt has-primary-blue-color semiBold w-100 mt-md-5 c-mt-3\">\n                The uncontrolled increase in new satellites, especially those in low Earth orbit, could give rise to the dreaded &#8220;Kessler syndrome,&#8221; which is a chain reaction of collisions of space debris that would in turn give rise to new debris, increasing its number and making the situation worse. This would make space exploration impossible as the blanket of objects around Earth would preclude the sending of new space missions. <br \/>\r\n            <\/h5>\n            <div class=\"down-quote mt-md-5 c-mt-3 d-flex flex-column\">\n                                <h6 class=\"has-primary-blue-color g-txt semiBold ml-md-auto mr-md-0 ml-0 mr-auto mb-3\">\n                    Sabrina Masiero                 <\/h6>\n                                <svg role=\"img\" class=\"icon icon-quote primary-icon ml-auto\">\n                    <use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/themes\/galhassin\/assets\/icons\/sprite.svg#gal-ico-quote-down\"><\/use>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"relatedArticle-block_df7e50bcd248822e1dc95fc7db0b66ff\" class=\"relatedArticle is-inner-padding-block break-article-column z-1 has-white-background-color\">\n    <div class=\"galhassin-general-container mx-auto c-md-pt-12 pb-md-5 pt-5 pb-3 px-3 z-1 d-flex flex-wrap justify-content-between\">\n        <h4 class=\"semiBold uppercase block-title ls-4\">\n            ARTICOLI CORRELATI         <\/h4>\n        <ul class=\"posts-container noList d-flex flex-wrap pl-0 mt-md-5\">\n                    <li id=\"post-20078\" class=\"post-card px-lg-3 px-sm-2 px-0 c-mt-3 mt-md-0 mb-md-5 c-mb-3\">\n                <div class=\"card card-img no-after\">\n                    <div class=\"img-responsive-wrapper\">\n                        <div class=\"img-responsive\">\n                            <figure class=\"img-wrapper my-0\">\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/OneWebSatellite.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-1024x768 size-1024x768\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/OneWebSatellite.jpeg 1920w, https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/OneWebSatellite-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/OneWebSatellite-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/OneWebSatellite-600x338.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>                            <\/figure>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"cat-date-container d-flex justify-content-between mt-3\">\n                    <div class=\"category-container d-flex flex-wrap categories\"><a class=\"term txt-p g-txt tag uppercase noLink has-dark-blue-color mr-2\" href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/category\/news\/\">News<\/a><a class=\"term txt-p g-txt tag uppercase noLink has-dark-blue-color mr-2\" href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/category\/spazio\/\">Spazio<\/a><\/div>                    <div class=\"post-date\">\n                        <p class=\"caption g-txt\">\n                            2 March 2022                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <a class=\"mt-3 has-dark-blue-color noLink hoverLink d-table\" href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/il-gal-hassin-studia-i-satelliti-della-costellazione-oneweb\/\">\n                    <h5 class=\"semiBold g-txt\">\n                        Il GAL Hassin studia i satelliti della costellazione OneWeb                    <\/h5>\n                <\/a>\n                                <p class=\"caption mt-3 d-flex\">\n                    <span class=\"mr-1\">by:<\/span>\n                    <strong>\n                    Sabrina Masiero                     <\/strong>\n                <\/p>\n                            <\/li>\n                    <li id=\"post-27213\" class=\"post-card px-lg-3 px-sm-2 px-0 c-mt-3 mt-md-0 mb-md-5 c-mb-3\">\n                <div class=\"card card-img no-after\">\n                    <div class=\"img-responsive-wrapper\">\n                        <div class=\"img-responsive\">\n                            <figure class=\"img-wrapper my-0\">\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/nasa-earth-from-space.jpg\" class=\"attachment-1024x768 size-1024x768\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/nasa-earth-from-space.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/nasa-earth-from-space-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/nasa-earth-from-space-1536x863.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/galhassin.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/nasa-earth-from-space-600x337.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>                            <\/figure>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"cat-date-container d-flex justify-content-between mt-3\">\n                    <div class=\"category-container d-flex flex-wrap categories\"><a class=\"term txt-p g-txt tag uppercase noLink has-dark-blue-color mr-2\" href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/category\/spazio\/\">Spazio<\/a><\/div>                    <div class=\"post-date\">\n                        <p class=\"caption g-txt\">\n                            2 February 2023                        <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <a class=\"mt-3 has-dark-blue-color noLink hoverLink d-table\" href=\"https:\/\/galhassin.it\/guerra-stellare-contro-i-detriti-spaziali\/\">\n                    <h5 class=\"semiBold g-txt\">\n                        Guerra Stellare contro i detriti spaziali                    <\/h5>\n                <\/a>\n                                <p class=\"caption mt-3 d-flex\">\n                    <span class=\"mr-1\">by:<\/span>\n                    <strong>\n                    Alessandro Nastasi                     <\/strong>\n                <\/p>\n                            <\/li>\n                <\/ul>\n            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